Home Extension Surrey

Home Extension Surrey

House remodeling experts

They'll work closely with you to understand your vision, ensuring that every inch of your home reflects your personality and lifestyle. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here. From the initial concept to the final touches, our tailored design solutions are about making your home uniquely yours. Bathroom tile renovation This approach removes the stress and uncertainty that can often accompany renovation projects. Surrey renovation project planning Exploring the latest trends in home renovation can inspire you to customize your space with Canyon Property Projects. Learn more about Home Extension Surrey here
You're not just another job to them; you're a partner in the process, and your happiness with the end result is paramount. At Canyon Property Projects, we don't just build spaces; we create environments that you'll love for years to come. These testimonials from delighted customers illustrate why Canyon Property Projects is a preferred choice for homeowners in Home Extension Surrey seeking reliable, high-quality renovation services.
Trust us to transform your home with custom solutions that blend beauty, functionality, and durability. Their comprehensive range of services, from initial design to the final touches, ensures that your vision for a dream home doesn't turn into a prolonged nightmare. Understanding your unique style and preferences is at the heart of our personalized design approach, ensuring your renovation truly reflects who you are.
Lastly, expect a more personalized renovation experience, with services tailored to your specific desires and needs. Each photo in the gallery tells a story of collaboration, creativity, and craftsmanship. By adopting these sustainable practices, they ensure your home renovation isn't only an investment in comfort and style but also in environmental sustainability.

Whether it's a kitchen that needs modernizing or a living room that requires a fresh look, they're equipped to bring your vision to life. It'll be a true reflection of you, making it a place where you'll love to live for years to come. Residential remodeling The owner, an avid cook, couldn't be happier, telling us it's changed the way they use their home. Transform your bathroom into a sanctuary of comfort and style with Canyon Property's expert upgrade solutions. Home renovation

As you imagine a future where your home evolves with your lifestyle, Canyon Property Projects offers the first step towards making that vision a reality. Deck and patio remodeling Moreover, Canyon Property Projects Ltd prioritizes recycling and minimizing waste during your renovation.

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  15. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  16. Plumbing upgrades
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Building on the revolution in home living, the focus now shifts to creating unique designs that reflect your personal style and meet your specific needs.

These are typically unsecured, meaning they don't require your home as collateral, but might carry higher interest rates. One standout example is the complete overhaul of a 1960s bungalow into a modern, energy-efficient family home. Stay tuned to uncover the intricacies of their approach, which might just redefine your expectations for home renovation projects. Foundation repair

At the helm, we've got Alex Johnson, our visionary founder and lead architect, who's spent over two decades perfecting the art of transforming spaces into bespoke living experiences. You'll have the opportunity to review and adjust this blueprint until it's exactly what you're looking for. They're also keen on energy efficiency, installing LED lighting, high-efficiency heating systems, and double-glazed windows to keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer, slashing your energy bills and reducing your carbon footprint.

Citations and other links

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This form asks for basic information like your name, email, and details about your project. They stand out in the crowded market for several compelling reasons. Delving into the realm of plumbing mastery, Canyon Property Projects showcases a blend of innovation and skill that sets a new benchmark in the Home Extension Surrey market. We're not just living in a more beautiful home, but a more environmentally conscious one too.'What stands out in these testimonials is the consistent mention of Canyon Property Projects Ltd's commitment to their clients' visions and the planet's well-being.
At Canyon Property Projects, you'll find just that-a group of experienced workers whose expertise spans across every aspect of home renovation. First, reach out to Canyon Property Projects through their website or give them a call. The glowing testimonials from satisfied clients might make you wonder about the magic they can work on your property.

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That's why we offer energy-efficient upgrades to help reduce your utility bills and improve your home's overall comfort. Read more about Home Extension Surrey here Reaching out to Canyon Property Projects is the first step towards transforming your home. These aren't just any workers; they're specialists in their fields, ensuring that whether you're updating a kitchen, transforming a bathroom, or adding an extension to your home, you're covered by the best in the business.
This approach ensures you're not just getting the best in class service but also value for your hard-earned money. As trends evolve and the future of home customization beckons, understanding the common mistakes to avoid becomes paramount. So, if you're looking for a renovation partner who truly understands your vision and is dedicated to making it a reality, you've found them in Canyon Property.

Affordable Basement Finishing Home Extension Surrey
Home Extension Surrey Custom House Remodeling

Home Extension Surrey Custom House Remodeling

They're not just contractors; they're community members dedicated to enhancing the places they live and work in. You'll notice we prioritize materials that aren't only durable but also sourced responsibly. There's a lot more to uncover about why homeowners in Home Extension Surrey are turning to Canyon Property Projects for their renovation needs. From the outset, they're all ears, keen to grasp every detail of what you envision for your space.

They're not just renovating your space; they're enhancing your home's value and functionality. Drywall installation and repair From initial design consultation to the final touches, we're with you every step of the way. That's why we offer transparent pricing and realistic timelines from the outset.

They're not just about knocking down walls or upgrading fixtures; they're about reimagining your living spaces to make them more versatile and functional. And that's why you're not just building homes-you're helping to strengthen the community foundation. Kitchen renovation Door installation They listen to your needs, preferences, and concerns, ensuring that every aspect of the project aligns with your vision.

It's about creating environments that foster well-being and connect neighbors, turning individual houses into cohesive neighborhoods. You're kept in the loop with regular updates and clear timelines, making the renovation process as stress-free as possible. This layout not only maximizes your space but also fosters a more connected living environment.

Home Extension Surrey Home Project Specialists

As you delve into what's current, you'll discover that smart home technology integration is no longer just a luxury; it's becoming a staple in modern living.

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Whether it's integrating hidden storage spaces in unexpected places or installing advanced lighting systems that adapt to your mood and the time of day, we're here to ensure your home renovation is as unique as you are. Financing a renovation can seem daunting, but with the right approach, it's achievable. When you choose them for your project, you're not just getting a renovation; you're getting a masterclass in precision and skill. This means you're paying for the actual work and materials needed, without unnecessary markups or hidden fees that can often inflate renovation costs.

Diving into the realm of innovative solutions, we leverage cutting-edge technology and creative approaches to elevate your home renovation project beyond the ordinary. Plus, we're big on insulation. You'll find their team proactive in identifying potential issues before they become problems, saving you time and money. From water-efficient toilets to luxurious rainfall showerheads, they'll help you select the best products that blend form with function.

The owners were thrilled, not just with the aesthetic upgrade but also with how we managed to reduce their energy bills significantly. Feel free to reach out via phone at their dedicated customer service line. They'll upgrade your home's insulation, install energy-efficient windows, and even suggest smart home technologies that elevate your living experience. Canyon Property Projects Ltd.

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understands that your home is a reflection of you.

This could be anything from a complete home makeover to more targeted updates in areas like your kitchen or bathroom. Our team specializes in custom renovations, ensuring each project is tailored to meet your specific needs and preferences. Imagine integrating smart home technology that simplifies your daily routine or using eco-friendly materials that reduce your carbon footprint without compromising on aesthetics. Transforming your living areas into multifunctional spaces not only enhances your home's aesthetics but also maximizes its utility.

Home Extension Surrey Home Project Specialists
Home Facade Restoration Home Extension Surrey
Home Facade Restoration Home Extension Surrey

Choosing Canyon Property for your renovation needs means investing in unparalleled expertise and quality, ensuring your Home Extension Surrey home transformation is in the best hands. Let's transform your house into the home of your dreams, with every detail reflecting our commitment to excellence and your personal style. But it's not all about the end product. Their ability to consistently exceed expectations is what sets them apart in the competitive renovation industry. They're not just installing fixtures and tiles; they're crafting an experience. Custom home remodeling

Need custom cabinetry? To guarantee your satisfaction, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. employs a thorough consultation process before any work begins. You'll appreciate our transparent communication throughout the process, ensuring you're always in the loop and confident in the progress of your project. You're not just getting builders; you're partnering with seasoned designers, architects, and craftsmen who understand the nuances of creating a space that's both beautiful and functional.

They're ready to listen, advise, and work with you to achieve your dream space.

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You're not just hiring a team; you're partnering with professionals who bring years of experience and a passion for excellence to every project. In Home Extension Surrey, a wave of innovative home renovations is transforming how residents live, elevating both style and functionality to new heights. They plan meticulously to ensure materials are used efficiently, and what can't be used gets recycled, ensuring as little as possible ends up in the landfill.

Moreover, materials used in renovations will lean heavily towards sustainability. You'll find more homes being renovated with recycled materials, renewable resources, and products that have a minimal impact on the environment. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means partnering with a team that's dedicated to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. But it's not just about aesthetics.

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Once we've got a solid understanding of what you're after, our team crafts a customized design plan.

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  • Electrical renovations
  • Window replacement
  • Surrey home renovation company
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  • Financing options for renovation
  • Attic renovation
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  • Landscaping and hardscaping
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You'll see a stunning array of homes that have gone from outdated or unremarkable to absolutely breathtaking. Our skilled craftsmen take pride in their work, paying close attention to every detail to ensure the final product is nothing short of perfection.

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  14. Sustainable renovation materials
  15. Exterior home renovation
  16. Smart home upgrades
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  18. Renovation cost estimates
  19. Eco-friendly renovations
Weather, supply chain issues, or discovering unforeseen problems once the walls are opened up can set back your timeline. That's exactly what you get with Canyon Property Projects.
Understanding that every client's needs are unique, we prioritize a personalized approach in all our renovation projects. Regular updates keep you in the loop, ensuring the project stays on track and within budget. Canyon Property Projects is adept at adjusting schedules and finding solutions to keep your project moving forward. When you embark on a renovation journey with them, you're not just getting a service; you're becoming part of a process that prioritizes your vision, comfort, and satisfaction above all else.
From recycled wood for flooring to non-toxic paints, Canyon Property chooses products that minimize harm to the environment. This dynamic method ensures that the end result isn't just what you asked for; it's more than you imagined.

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  • Bathroom tile renovation
  • Interior remodeling
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  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Home office renovation
  • Flooring installation
  • Soaking tub installation
  • Exterior siding replacement
  • Home improvement services
  • Vanity replacement
  • Basement suite construction
  • Structural renovation
  • Fence and gate installation
  • Laundry room renovation
  • Custom design-build services
  • Basement finishing
  • Energy-efficient renovations
They listen intently, ensuring every detail of what you envision is captured. They're not just changing homes; they're redefining expectations, turning every project into a bespoke masterpiece that mirrors the dreams of its inhabitants.
Whether you're looking for a modern makeover or a timeless design, we've got you covered. Building on their innovative use of technology, Canyon Property also excels in project management, ensuring your renovation is completed on time and within budget. Our team of skilled professionals is equipped with the latest tools and techniques to deliver high-quality workmanship that not only meets but exceeds your expectations. What sets Canyon Property Projects apart is their commitment to quality and detail.

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Renovation and Construction Home Extension Surrey
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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